Summary of 5.1 ;)

-=Carbon=-

Carbon is essential to life ;)

-carbon can form up to 4 bonds with other atoms
- they can produce an endless variety of carbon skeletons

organic molecules: carbon-based molecules
inorganic molecules: non-carbon-based molecules
example: Water(H2O), Oxygen (O2), Ammonia (NH3)
-carbon can also bond with atoms of other elements

hydrocarbons:organic molecules that are made of hydrogen and carbon
-hydrocarbons are important fuels
-can be found in energy-storing fat molecules in your body

fuctional group: A group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predicatble ways with other molecules
-a carbon skeleton and the attached fuctional groups determine the properties of an organic molecule

-hydrophillic: attracts water molecules
example: hydroxyl groups are hydrophillic
-so the molecules tend to be surrounded by water molecules in an aqueous environment

-=Monomers and Polymers=-

-biomolecules can be composed of millions of atoms
-large molecules are built from many small molecules called monomers
monomers: a small molecular units
polymers: long chains that are made of monomers
-every living cell has thousands of different kinds of polymers

Life's large molecules are classified into four main categories: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

-=Building & Breaking of Polymers=-

-each time a monomer is added, a water molecule is released
this is called dehydration
-also have to break down polymers
example: many molecules in food is a polymer
-the body must break down the polymers to make their monomers available to the body's cells
-each time a polymer chain is broken a water molecule is added
this is called hydrolysis

Concept Check:

1.Draw a molecule that has a three-carbon skeleton and a hydroxyl group on the middle carbon. (Hint: The molecule's formula is C3H8O) 

2. Explain the connection between monomers and polymers.

Polymers are chains that are made of monomers, and monomers is a small moleculer unit. 

3.What molecule is released during construction of a polymer? What is this reaction called?

When construction a polymer, a water molecule is released.

4.Draw at least 3 ways in which 5 carbon atoms could be joined to make different carbon skeletons. 

C-C-C-C-C

   

   C-C-C

C           C

    C - C

    

    C

C-C-C

    C
    C